Tarikh Al-sudan: English Translation Pdf

An older, less complete French translation by Octave Houdas (1898–1900) is in the public domain. While English readers may use this to generate a rough translation via modern tools, a direct English PDF of Houdas’ work does not exist in wide circulation.

Since the complete Hunwick translation is rarely available for free legal download as a PDF, here are the best ways to access it: tarikh al-sudan english translation pdf

This translation focuses on the first thirty chapters, covering history from roughly the reign of Sunni 'Ali (1464-1492) down to 1613. An older, less complete French translation by Octave

: This volume contains 30 chapters of the Tarikh al-Sudan , focusing on the history of Songhai until 1613. It is widely considered the standard English text for researchers. : This volume contains 30 chapters of the

The most complete and scholarly English version is the translation, published by Brill in 1999.

: Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di (1594–1655+), a scholar and high-ranking bureaucrat in the Moroccan Arma administration of Timbuktu and Djenné .