A 2023 study in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine found that dogs exhibiting passive avoidance (freezing, turning away) during venipuncture had cortisol levels 40% higher than dogs who actively struggled. Silence, in this context, is not compliance—it is fear.
: Canine cognitive dysfunction is being more widely recognized and screened by veterinary teams to preserve the bond between owners and aging pets. 2. Digital Transformation and AI Diagnostics
