This article explores the deep symbiosis between these two fields, covering the physiology of behavior, the misdiagnosis of "bad" behavior as medical issues, the rise of fear-free practices, and the future of veterinary behavioral health.

Behavioral problems in animals can have significant impacts on their welfare, as they can lead to decreased quality of life, increased stress, and even premature death. For instance, animals that exhibit fear-based behaviors, such as aggression or avoidance, may experience chronic stress, which can compromise their immune system and increase their risk of disease. Similarly, animals that engage in abnormal behaviors, such as pacing or self-mutilation, may be indicative of underlying psychological or physical issues that require attention. By understanding the causes and consequences of behavioral problems, veterinarians and animal behaviorists can develop effective strategies for preventing and addressing these issues.

Koko's story highlights the critical role of veterinary science in understanding and addressing animal health issues. By combining insights from animal behavior and veterinary science, researchers and practitioners can:

A dog that was previously housetrained but begins defecating indoors may not be "angry" or "stubborn." This is a cardinal sign of gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, or Cushing’s disease. Similarly, cats with chronic kidney disease or diabetes drink more water and urinate more volume—often missing the litter box simply because they cannot get there fast enough.