In the fictional town of Fairweather, the "Ghost of Plant 4" wasn't a spirit, but a lingering uncertainty. After two decades of incident-free operation, the plant manager, Elias, was tasked with expanding a high-pressure ethylene line. While his qualitative HAZOP report said "safe with existing controls," Elias knew that "likely safe" wasn't "quantifiably safe."

Using numerical risk values provides a "common language" for stakeholders. Instead of saying a process is "risky," an engineer can state the exact probability of an event occurring per year. This precision supports:

: It provides a systematic methodology for identifying incident scenarios and evaluating their risk by defining failure probability and potential impact. Key Components :

Follow the 9 core steps from the CCPS guidelines: