and, in some cases, pharmacology to treat psychological and behavioral issues [33].
Recent advancements are shifting the field toward objective, data-driven assessments. Animal Psychology & Behavior - Open Access Pub
Emerging research on the microbiome reveals that gut bacteria directly influence behavior. Veterinary science is now experimenting with psychobiotics—probiotics specifically designed to reduce anxiety in dogs traveling or during thunderstorms. Early studies show that Lactobacillus rhamnosus can reduce baseline cortisol in stressed canines.