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The Transformation of Indonesian Culture in the Social Media Era

Indonesia is not a secular state, nor is it a theocracy. It recognizes six official religions: Islam (the majority), Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The cultural principle of toleransi (tolerance) has historically allowed mosques, churches, and temples to stand side by side—most famously in Palu, where a major cathedral and a mosque share a parking lot.

Daily life is governed by adat , which emphasizes respect, politeness, and social harmony.

: Balancing a unified national identity with regional separatist movements and diverse religious views remains a central challenge for the state.